In particular, and in agreement with many previous authors, climatic deterioration is put forward to explain multiple population breakdown during the European Palaeolithic, as well as to explain corresponding major cultural changes. This paper identifies Rapid Climate Change during the Glacial period as a major factor that influences a variety of cultural, economic and demographic processes during the European Palaeolithic. The disappearance of Neanderthals from the Palaeolithic record in Europe remains an enigma, even after more than 150 years of research. Keywords: Basque Country, Mousterian, Chatelperronian, Protoaurignacian, Aurignacian, Gravettian, lithics, Anatomically Modern Humans, Neandertals, behavior, symbolism, historiography Der Übergang vom Mittel- zum Jungpaläolithikum auf der baskischen Kreuzung: Schlüsselfundplätze und wichtigste Fragen. The changes seem to be much more gradual, according to the perspective of the holistic study of the transition, except for the sudden appearance of graphic expression. However, most of the drastic cultural, material and economic changes do not appear to occur in our region linked in a cause-effect relationship with this phyletic change. It is clear that either during the Protoaurignacian or in the Aurignacian, the main figures in the archaeological record are no longer Neandertals, as they are replaced by modern humans. From our viewpoint, the preconceptions being applied have artificially stressed the difference between a Mousterian undivided chronologically and an Upper Paleolithic understood as a whole. In any case, the stratigraphy of the internal D Zone of La Güelga cave is one of the most interesting from the Cantabrian region for analyzing the last phases of the Mousterian and the rise of the Aurignacian in the North of the Peninsula.Ībstract: Recent field and laboratory works on the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the eastern region of Cantabrian Spain are analysed from a critical perspective. Finally, the geoarchaeology, taphonomy, archaeological data, and chronology suggest that the interstratification -initially identified on the basis of stratigraphic observations during excavation-cannot be maintained. We also provide new radiocarbon dates for the Mousterian, Aurignacian and Châtelperronian levels. In recent years, we have studied the levels of La Güelga cave –D Zone-proposing a sequence for the MP/UP transition: Mousterian-Aurignacian-Châtelperronian, which we review in this paper after a detailed analysis of the chronostratigraphy. It currently comprises a group of caves that were occupied during the Middle and Upper Paleolithic periods (MP and UP respectively). La Güelga cave is located at the bottom of a mountain valley in the Eastern part of Asturias (Northern Spain), 186 m above sea level and 15 km far away from the coast.

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